For decades, the idea of ‘air purifying indoor plants’ has lingered in home magazines, Pinterest boards and wellness blogs. But this isn’t just an old wives’ tale, or a short-lived trend. The story behind it is real, backed by science…and NASA. In 1989, NASA researchers tested ordinary plants for their ability to remove airborne toxins in space station-like environments. The results were surprising, and the list they produced remains a cult reference for anyone decorating with purpose.
Of course, our homes are not sealed laboratories, and the study wasn’t intended as interior styling advice, but the study remains relevant. These plants continue to offer more than aesthetic appeal. Their presence has been linked to reduced stress, improved mood and a general sense of wellbeing.
Bill Wolverton, a former NASA research scientist, recommended at least two sizable plants per 100 square feet to aid air purification. Even though the original experiments were conducted under artificial conditions, his conviction is that “the amount of leaf surface area influences the rate of air purification”.
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Snake plant
The Snake Plant is among the most recognisable and reliable indoor plants. Its upright, pointed leaves with yellow edges create a sculptural presence that fits effortlessly into minimalist and contemporary settings. NASA’s study confirmed its ability to remove benzene, formaldehyde and trichloroethylene which are common indoor toxins found in paints, adhesives and cleaning agents. It’s particularly resilient, thriving on neglect and tolerating low light, which makes it ideal for bedrooms, entryways or office corners with inconsistent sun.
Peace Lily
The Peace Lily combines elegance with performance. With deep green, glossy leaves and striking white spathes, it brings a sculptural softness to interiors. NASA’s research showed it could remove multiple airborne pollutants including benzene, formaldehyde, ammonia and trichloroethylene.
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Bamboo Palm
The Banboo Palm lends interiors a relaxed, tropical aesthetic with its airy fronds and slender trunk. NASA’s tests showed this palm effectively filtered benzene, formaldehyde and trichloroethylene, all commonly released by furniture and synthetic materials. As a bonus, it’s a natural humidifier, which makes it well suited for dry climates or spaces with central heating.
English Ivy
English Ivy is both classic and versatile. Its trailing vines and lobed leaves can, climb indoor trellises or spill gently from hanging baskets. NASA identified it as one of the most effective plants for reducing benzene, formaldehyde, xylene and toluene, which are compounds often found in synthetic fabrics and plastics.
Red-Edged Dracaena
The Red Edged Dracaena makes a confident visual statement. Its slender, spiky leaves with red margins rise from a narrow trunk, delivering a modern silhouette. NASA recorded its ability to remove multiple toxins, including benzene and trichloroethylene. Its stature makes it ideal for flanking furniture or filling unused corners in loft-style apartments or contemporary homes.
Florist’s Chrysanthemum
Often dismissed as seasonal filler, this plant was one of the top performers in NASA’s study, capable of removing benzene, formaldehyde and ammonia from indoor air. Available in a wide range of colours, it brings a vibrant burst of life to your home. While typically short-lived indoors, it works well as a temporary display in kitchens, guest rooms or home offices during cooler months.
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Weeping fig
The Weeping Fig brings scale and softness to a space, with its gently arching branches and dense canopy of small, glossy leaves. While it requires consistent conditions, stable light and careful watering, it rewards patience with elegance. NASA found it effective in removing formaldehyde, a gas commonly released by carpeting, plywood and upholstery. It’s well placed in living rooms or reading nooks where height and texture are needed.
How to Use NASA-Approved Plants Wisely
- Place one or two mature plants per 10 square metres to maximise their presence.
- Ensure pots are large, with exposed soil for microbial activity.
- Group plants in areas you use most, to support humidity and ambiance.
- Maintain airflow through traditional ventilation or mechanical air purifiers.
While we’re no longer looking to houseplants to scrub toxins from the air, the original NASA study still offers something valuable. It reframed plants as more than decoration, positioning them as quiet contributors to healthier, more considered spaces. Whether or not you’re measuring air quality, the effect is the same: rooms feel calmer, softer, and a little more alive.
NOTE – This article was originally published in architecturaldigest and can be viewed here
