Image Source – https://www.pexels.com/photo/ancient-art-asia-buddha-302100/
As I had described in the previous article on Asian having forty-nine countries spread over an area of 4,45,79000 sq. km, divided into five segments. First is Central Asia comprising five countries, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Second is Eastern Asia comprising seven countries, China, China Hong Kong, China Macao, Japan, Magnolia, South Korea, and North Korea. The third is Southern Asia comprising nine countries, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Fourth is southeast Asia, comprising eleven countries, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor Leste, Vietnam, and Myanmar. And in the last in Western Asia, comprising seventeen countries, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Iraq, Georgia, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Palestine, Syria, Arab Republic, Turkey, and UAE.
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Economic and political cooperation is not yet so well established in Asia, as it is in Europe. Most of the states believe, it is important to keep their own distinct economic and political profile. Land water and energy resources are coming under unprecedented pressure owing to growing populations, unchecked urbanization, mushroomed industrialization, food habits, and ever-increasing consumerism. Generally, sectoral approaches are taken to address these challenges that overlook the close linkages between the water, energy, and food sectors, resulting in cross-sectoral implications. Diverse regional cooperation structures have emerged in this region to address these challenges. But their utility has still not been well established. We can’t call them defunct, but they are not effective also. Some of them are as detailed in the next paragraphs.
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations).
It was founded in 1967 has ten member states, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. ASEAN plus three is the name given to the regional framework between ASEAN member states and the three East Asian Powers, China, Japan, and South Korea.
EAS (EAST ASIA SUMMIT).
Sixteen heads of state and governments, from ten ASEAN as well as China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and India have been meeting in the framework of the East Asia Summit since 2005. The US and Russia have been full members of the EAS since 2011. The EAS a forum in which security policy issues and soft issues are discussed is becoming increasingly important.
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ASEM (Asia Europe Meeting).
It is an international dialogue forum for multilateral exchange between Europe and Asia in the spheres of politics, business, and culture. It was founded in 1996 at the initiative of Singapore and France. It has expanded from its original membership of 26 to 53 members today. Its unique feature is, even today KASEM is a network with no secretariat.
ARF (ASEAN Regional Forum).
It was founded in 1994 along with ten ASEAN member states. Another sixteen countries are Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, India, Japan, Magnolia, Newzeland, N. Korea, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Russia, S.Korea, Sri Lanka, Timor Leste, and the US currently participate as well as EU.
SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation).
South Asian countries, with India in the center constitutes one of the most volatile regions of the world. With a desire for greater regional integration, promotion of political and economic integration, peace, and stability, Saarc was formed on the 8th of December, 1985. The region of Saarc lies in the southern Himalayas surrounded by Hindu Kush mountains. The objective of Saarc is to ensure regional cooperation, good governance, inclusive political commitment cultural exchange programs, regular discussion among intellectuals, and other miscellaneous means and ways.
APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation)
APEC was founded in 1989 on the initiative of Japan and Australia. APEC currently has 21 members, Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, S. Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, US, and Vietnam. Together these economies account for 55% of global GDP and some 45% of global trade. India is not a member of this cooperation.
SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation)
The original five members of these organizations were China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Russia, and Tajikistan. Uzbekistan joined sometimes afterward. Magnolia, India, Iran, and Pakistan became observers of SCO in 2005.
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Asia is home to countries with different national conditions, social systems, and development stages. They have great potential in human resources, ancient culture, and modern technology with their soft power continues to strengthen. Despite the complex issues and intertwined traditional and non-traditional security issues, they need to explore the result-oriented mechanisms. There are many challenges in the endeavor to deepen mutual understanding and trust and must uphold enduring peace and communal development. Asian countries need to foster a vision of unity and cooperation for mutual benefit. Diversity and complexity are the distinctive features of Asia
Countries in Asia have diverse political and economic systems, histories, cultures, social development models, and ideologies, which have grown over the long years of history. Diversity is always a source of strength and enduring vitality for Asian countries. They have perfectly learned to live with peace and patience. They need to uphold this tradition, carry forward the spirit of openness, inclusiveness, mutual understanding, mutual accommodation and strengthen mutual trust through people to people dialogue and cultural exchanges, to build Asia into a community, in which all the nation’s, grow and develop to their people’s aspirations and the potential they have.
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