When we look back in history, 1947 was the year, India got freedom after a long struggle. After getting freedom, how our leaders perceived the country and the people to grow, and where we have reached after 73 years of journey, is a matter of thought and study for all the Indians.
Although it is important to make an assessment of this period, more important is, from here,when we have entered in 2021, where we are heading to? India has grown as a society and as a nation, yet it has a legacy of unfulfilled dreams and huge potential.
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It has a story of remarkableachievements, yet it has a sad story of frequent fallouts and consistent setbacks. It narratesthe story of people’s freedom but is tagged by the myopic approach of all the political parties.
It has a story of long intact democracy weathering and bearing all the attacks, yet it is a story of fractured democracy that has miles to go. It has a story of unity despite all the diversities and disparities but has always been under threat owing to a failure of controlling internal and external situations.
India is a story of a claimed just and wise society, but still a society, where real justice is a distant mirage.
Soon, India will be the most populous country in the world, reaching 1.7 billion by 2050,exceeding China by 400 million people. By 2050, with the world population reaching 10 billions, India with only 2.3% of the world’s land, and with the availability of less than 4% of global freshwater, will be required to feed 18% of the world’s population.
Moreover, it has to be achieved from a steep decline of natural resources, especially land, water, and biodiversity resources. Another challenge will be, how we will be able to restrict the fast-growing damage of the agroecological system and accentuating the carbon footprints.
Despite the economic growth rate of about 8% during the last decade, nearly 1/5th of the world’s hungry and 35-40% undernourished, stunted, and wasted children have their homes in India.
A big question is “How a tall and vibrant NEW INDIA could be built on the shoulders of stunted and wasted children”? Let’s try to identify the challenges India is facing right now. Although we have been making progress in almost all the sectors, when we compare it with other countries, we find ourselves low in the table of almost all the indexes related to the quality of human life.
To realize the dream and the huge potential we have; we require to raise life expectancy from 66 years to 80 years. We require improvement in agriculture from 4 tonnes per hectare to 7.4 tones per hectare. We require increasing value-added manufacturing from 12% of GDP to 25% of the GDP.
Upgrading and enhancing the urban areas available to 400 million people to 650 million people. The education sector will have to deliver high-quality formal education to 7 million additional children every year, over the next two decades.
India’s health care sector will need one lakh additional doctors and 3 lakh additional nurses every year for the next decade. The nation needs to create 10-12 million jobs every year in the coming decade. Anything less than US 10 trillion dollars economy would not secure India’s future. To achieve all that, India will need to accelerate its holistic and sustainable growth to 9% CAGR over the next two decades. How this huge demand in every sector can be converted into reality is the biggest challenge.
The challenges right now before all of us are many. One estimate suggests that 44% of the world’s Wealth is owned by 1% of its population. Building on this model, the world Bank estimated that 43% of India’s employment is vulnerable to rising automation.
The ageing population brings a host of challenges for economies, societies, and nations. Labour forces shrink, while public finances and the core health system get strained. In India, the average age will slowly increase and it will be around 40 years by the next decade or so. Lack of digital literacy allows false news to find a place in our social life.
Misinformation, hate speech and false propaganda on social media are severally affecting India’s community fabric. Both the climate crisis and pollution have been driven by the relentless quest for growth. Although growth and development have helped in improving the lives of millions, the public and the government, both will have to balance growth with the environment.
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After years of increasing globalization, the tide seems to be turning now. Trade wars are escalating. Borders are getting tighter and nationalist governments are growing in popularity.
Rising of radical nationalism is a worldwide phenomenon. It will affect both domestic and international security by fuelling internal and external conflicts. In addition to it, we have seen in the last decade, a few technology corporates like Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Microsoft have not only grown in scale and size, rather created unfathomable clout in society.
The universal pervasiveness raises big questions, especially on privacy infringement, market power, and political influence. Summing up all this we are on the threshold of a time where, rapidly growing urbanization, ever
increasing energy demands, environmental degradation, depleting natural resources, declining agricultural productivity, weak human capital, severe unemployment, external security threats, and repositioning of India in changing world order. India, today is at a critical policy juncture. To achieve the desired outcomes, we need to identify and establish our priorities through research and development by enhancing the investment from 0.8% of GDP to a minimum of 2.5% by the next decade.
How India can and should negotiate these challenges, and build a cutting edge 21st century policy environment, and to foster the emergence of world-class societies, companies, systems, India will have to invest more in education, core health sector, and human capital creation.
A sixth of humanity, with all the intellect, capability, energy, creativity, and enthusiasm of this young nation is ready to take a long leap. Let all of us participate and contribute to removing all the glitches from the system to write a story of real transformation of INDIA, that must lead to unprecedented economic growth paired with radical improvements in the nation’s Human Development.
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